This GATEKEEPER will discuss the key physical and chemical characteristics of each production chemical that must be evaluated prior to use in a subsea production system.

Material selection is a nuanced process. A primary assessment based on environmental and operating conditions enables identification of outright inappropriate materials and allows a general selection to be made.

LOPA provides a consistent basis for judging whether there are sufficient independent protection layers against hazardous events to achieve the risk reduction required to achieve such an explicit target.

The amine selected, as well as the concentration of the solution used, will result in different selectivity of H2S over CO2, mole-to-mole acid gas loading, and degradation of the amine.

This GATEKEEPER will discuss the use of triazine as a liquid H2S scavenger.

Corrosion modeling is a vital tool in the pre-Front End Engineering Design (pre-FEED), FEED, and operational stages of the life of pipeline and equipment systems.

This GATEKEEPER will discuss the basic factors influencing corrosion modeling, while a later installment will elaborate on the different corrosion models available and their respective advantages and limitations.

Subsea Integrity Management is defined as the management of a subsea system or asset to ensure that it delivers the design requirements while not adversely affecting life or the health of the environment throughout the required life of the field

A drying campaign is crucial to the commissioning of every natural gas pipeline. When done correctly, effectively and efficiently, the results can prevent hydrate formation during start up and also protect the ongoing integrity of the pipeline.

Leak testing, commonly confused with hydrostatic testing, is a means of verifying the quality of facility construction.

Corrosion in field conditions can be extremely slow, thus accelerated test methods have been designed to enable evaluation and prediction of long-term corrosion behavior. In general, corrosion testing is conducted by exposing small samples of a material to the desired environment for a relatively short period of time, then evaluating the type and severity of corrosion in order to select materials or chemicals that will maximize the life of the part in question.

Control Systems Part 3: Rules for Tuning Loops Prior to Startup

This is part two of the GATEKEEPER series on control systems tuning. To effectively tune a control loop, there needs to be an understanding about the dynamics of the system.

This series of GATEKEEPERS will provide methods for using readily available process design data for determining effective tuning parameters before startup.

Proper sizing of the flowlines and risers coupled with optimal choking and gas-lift will greatly reduce the risk of slugging and help in efficient management of slugs throughout the life of the field.

Paraffin precipitation and deposition in flowlines and pipelines is an issue impacting the development of deepwater subsea hydrocarbon reservoirs.

While one test cannot give comprehensive results, a combination of testing including genetic testing will be able to provide a more reliable and complete picture of the bacteria in the system than the use of MPN alone.

In this paper, the most commonly used In-Line Inspection (ILI) techniques, methodology and limitations applicable to detecting metal loss and wall thickness measurements are presented.

This paper is the first part of a two part series and presents an overview of pig selection criteria for cleaning and maintenance of the pipelines, and covers high level guidance on establishing a progressive pigging strategy.